Jackknife Accidents: Why They Happen, and Who Is at Fault?
Posted on: September 11, 2025
Large commercial trucks play a vital role in transporting goods across the country, but when they are involved in accidents, the consequences can be devastating. One of the more dangerous types of truck accidents is known as a “jackknife” accident. The causes behind them vary, and determining fault requires a careful review of multiple contributing factors.
What Causes a Jackknife Truck Accident?
Jackknife accidents typically result from a loss of traction, often during braking. The wheels on the trailer lock up, but as the cab continues moving forward, the trailer can swing outward. This often occurs in poor weather conditions, when roads are slippery. Yet weather is not the only factor that can contribute to a jackknife event:
- Speeding, particularly when approaching a curve or making a sudden stop.
- An overloaded or improperly balanced trailer.
- Mechanical failure, such as brake malfunction.
- Driver fatigue or distraction can delay reaction time.
Improper training or lack of familiarity with the vehicle’s handling characteristics can further increase the risk. A driver who fails to account for road conditions, traffic flow, or the vehicle’s load weight may inadvertently cause a jackknife crash.
Who May Be Liable in a Jackknife Accident?
- The truck driver may be held responsible if excessive speeding, distracted driving, or driving while fatigued contributed to the crash. Failing to adjust to weather or traffic conditions could also point to driver error.
- The trucking company may share fault if it did not properly maintain the vehicle or failed to follow safety regulations regarding training or scheduling. If the company forced the driver to adhere to a demanding delivery timeline that encouraged unsafe driving habits, that could also factor into a liability assessment.
- Manufacturers of truck components could also be considered responsible if a defect in the braking system or other critical parts caused or contributed to the accident.
- In some cases, a third-party loading company may be involved, especially if an improperly loaded trailer made the vehicle unstable.
How Does Weather Affect the Likelihood of Jackknifing?
Poor weather conditions like snow, ice, or heavy rain can greatly increase the likelihood of a jackknife crash. Slippery roads reduce traction, especially during braking. If a truck’s wheels lock up on an icy surface, the trailer may swing uncontrollably, leading to a jackknife scenario. Even experienced drivers can struggle to maintain control under such conditions.
In many instances, road conditions call for reduced speeds and increased following distances. Failure to take these steps can contribute to a loss of control. So while the weather is an external factor, drivers and companies are expected to respond appropriately. Ignoring severe road conditions or continuing to operate at normal speeds during adverse weather may be viewed as negligent behavior.
Can Jackknife Accidents Be Prevented?
While not every jackknife event can be avoided, many incidents may be prevented with proper precautions:
- Regular vehicle maintenance is important to keep brakes and tires in good condition.
- Driver training that emphasizes safe braking techniques, proper speed control, and situational awareness can reduce the likelihood of jackknifing.
- Avoiding sudden braking, particularly on slippery roads, is important.
- Drivers should be trained to use controlled braking methods and should be encouraged to reduce speed well in advance of turns or traffic slowdowns.
- Adherence to federal regulations regarding service hours and load weight also helps minimize accident risks.
Proper planning, defensive driving habits, and compliance with safety regulations can reduce the frequency of jackknife accidents. However, the presence of multiple risk factors means that accidents can still occur, even under otherwise careful circumstances.
Our Freehold Truck Accident Lawyers at Ellis Law Have Significant Experience Representing Clients With Jackknife Truck Crash Injuries
Our skilled Freehold truck accident lawyers at Ellis Law understand the factors involved in commercial vehicle collisions and can determine what caused your crash. For a free consultation, call 732-308-0200 or contact us online. We have offices in New Jersey and New York, including Freehold, and serve clients throughout Monmouth County.
